Paderborn scientist investigates technology-related conspiracy theories in new study
Technology plays an important role in the spread of conspiracy theories and radical opinions. However, a new study by researchers from the Universities of Paderborn and Göttingen shows that search engines and apps are increasingly becoming the focus of narratives themselves, providing empirical data on the extent, causes and consequences. The results have now been published in the journal ‘Information Systems Research’.
The study is based on an initial survey of more than 1,000 people in the USA, which shows that knowledge of and belief in technology-related conspiracy theories is widespread. For example, 67 per cent of respondents have heard of the theory that Amazon Echo smart speakers are listening in on users, even when the device is switched off. 36 per cent even agreed with this theory.
Creating a ‘conspiracy mentality’ with far-reaching consequences
In a field study, the research team analysed the emergence of belief in conspiracy theories in connection with the coronavirus warning app in Germany. The assumption here is that the purpose of combating the coronavirus is only a pretence and that the population is actually being spied on. A laboratory experiment on a fictitiously newly introduced smart car assistance system provided additional insights into how not only the perception of the technology, but also that of the manufacturer, influences belief in technology-related conspiracy theories. The researchers also found evidence that belief in technology-related conspiracy theories has detrimental consequences that go beyond the use of the technology. The data suggests that belief in technology-related conspiracy theories can set in motion a momentum that causes individuals to develop a ‘conspiracy mentality’.
‘Our research shows an alarming spread of technology-related conspiracy theories within society. Due to the ‘conspiracy mentality’, those affected are increasingly interpreting their environment through conspiracy theory glasses,’ warns Prof Dr Simon Thanh-Nam Trang, Professor of Information Systems, in particular Sustainability at Paderborn University. ‘The mindset fostered by such beliefs makes social cooperation and constructive political discourse more difficult, which could impair society's ability to respond to future crises,’ adds Prof. Dr Manuel Trenz, Professor of Interorganisational Information Systems at the University of Göttingen.
The study enables the researchers to develop an initial understanding of which technologies are particularly at risk of becoming the target of conspiracy theories. Trang emphasises the political implications of the study: ‘We hope that these results will sensitise decision-makers - whether politicians or technology developers - to the potential risks and long-term consequences.’ The findings serve as an impetus for researchers to address this issue, which has major implications both now and in the future.
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